The+Magnificent+Body

[[image:alsuproom24/3danatomy.jpg width="256" height="328" align="left"]](Questions we still have are at the bottom of this page.)
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= = =//The Magnificent Body!// In this IB unit, we will be exploring all of the systems of the body and how they are interdependent. The systems of the body have to work together in order for them to function. It is like there is great teamwork going on to keep you alive.=

[|Body Systems Game] - with Arnold

 * ===Who is this guy? And, how are his systems similar or different from our own? Click on the picture to find out.=== ||
 * [[image:alsuproom24/skeleton0303.JPG width="393" height="257" align="center" link="http://seefido.com/html/dog_s_skeleton.htm"]] ||

==I Know That!! After looking at [|THIS WEBSITE], you will know what your body looks like on the inside. Click on the body to add or remove different systems.==

[|The Virtual Body] - Want to take a guided tour of YOUR body? Here's the place.
= = =__//The Nervous System//__=

[|Information about the Nervous system]
[|Stroop Effect] [|online jigsaw] [|Test your reaction time] [|The Stoplight test] [|Hit the dot] [|Check the boxes] =[|Inner Body -]explore the parts of the systems of the body = =[|Visible Body]=

- a good place to look at the different systems if you are looking for ideas for drawing your system on the body cutout. - reassemble the heart and resuscitate the patient. - reassemble the respiratory system and resuscitate the patient. - can you identify all the parts of the digestive system?


 * [[image:alsuproom24/giza-pyramids.jpg width="242" height="194"]] || ==[|The Pyramids]... No, not the ones in Egypt, the food pyramids!== ||

 =Questions We Have About The Magnificent Body= -Aaron Guercio 3rd year med student. That's not entirely true... the bones in your body are much more red than say a skeleton you would see on display, but they are in no way as red as your blood or anything like that. Here is a picture that shows a bone cut with a laser during surgery. This shows the color your bones are while alive. The yellowish "cortical bone" and the really red stuff in the middle is your bone marrow. If you look you can see the periosteum and all the blood vessels running through it. [|Bone during Laser surgery] Kellan Miller 4th year medical student || Gwen Dooley, Nurse Practitioner || The study of the meaning of words is called //Etymology.// If you would like to know what other bones mean in Latin, this is a great website with more fun facts: http://homepage.mac.com/ciaranbrewster/files/bone_words.html || Gwen Dooley, Nurse Practitioner. || -Brian Keogh, 3rd year medical student || -Nate "Not a neurology expert" Lane || - Nate Lane, 4th year med student || -Nate Lane, 4th year med student (If coffee made me shrink, I would still drink it. --Mr. Lewis) ||
 * ==Student Questions== || ==Click "Edit this page" at the top and type your answer in this column.== ||
 * 1. Is human blood blue when it is in the body? || //No, it is still red, but the blood you see in the veins under your skin is low in oxygen and is very dark . When seen through the coloring of your skin, this dark red appears blue. When your blood goes through the lungs, it picks up more oxygen which makes it a bright red.// ||
 * 2. What is your skin made of? || the skin is an organ to the human body-Haley c. ||
 * 3.are teeth stronger than bones? || Teeth are the strongest and hardest things in the entire human body. The enamel that covers teeth is made of a very dense mineral called hydroxyapatite. Although teeth are very strong, they are also very brittle which means that they sometimes chip. Teeth and bones both require a lot of calcium in the diet to be hard and strong. Drink plenty of milk and brush your teeth twice a day if you want them to stay strong. Tim Moore, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 4.What is the skin made of? || The skin is an organ to the human body-Haley c. ||
 * 5. Why do we get bumps when we fall down? || When you fall down and injure yourself, your capillaries leak fluid - sometimes blood (which leads to bruising) and also lymph. The body senses this "leak" and sends special cells to come and fix the problem--it is the combination of the leaky fluid and special cells that leads to swelling, or a local "bump." These are great questions!!! - Barbara Wilson, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 6. Are your bones red? || When we cut into a patient during surgery what do we see? Lots of gross stuff! What else do we see? RED BONES! Bones are alive and have blood running through them (some of the long bones actually make blood). The blood makes them appear red. There is also a thin layer of tissue on the outside of your bones called the periosteum. This layer of tissue is red and is about as thick as the red-colored plastic wrap that your mom might put over a plate of cookies at Christmas time. Bones only turn white when you take them out of the body and the sunlight destroys any leftover blood cells.
 * 7. What is your brain made of? || It is a wonderful complex system. - the brain is made of a medium soft type of tissue - it feels like a hard sponge to the touch. It consists of white matter and gray matter. There are specific areas in your brain that are responsible for movement, sight, language, and memory, among other things. There are nerves called the cranial nerves that allow for movement and sensation of your face. Also many arteries and veins that bring sugar (the brain loves carbohydrates) into the brain tissue to give it energy. The brain is secured by 3 layers of tissue that cover the brain and protect it. These layers are then covered by bone. The human brain is amazing I hope you enjoy learning more about it!
 * 8. Why do doctors call bones such big names? || Just like us, whether in elementary school or in medical school, the human body has been an great interest to different people throughout thousands of years! A lot of what we know was discovered by smart men and women throughout history. Bones were named long ago in a language called Latin, originally spoken by the Romans. The interesting thing is- the bones were named after certain characteristics that are special to the bone. Instead of calling the bone "Sally" or "Bob," which do not describe to us what the bone is, they named the bone "pelvis"- which means "basin" (because the pelvis bone is shaped like a basin). If you learn the names of the bones in the original Latin, it's like you have already learned a different language! - Michele Loi, 3rd year medical student.
 * 9. If you get a bruise, how come it turns purple? || You probably noticed that when you get a bruise, it turns many colors: Blue, purple, green, yellow/brown. The initial bruise (also called a contusion or ecchymosis) is a build up of blood that is released at the time of an injury from leaky capillaries. That blood is slowly broken down and reabsorbed by the body. Blood is made up of hemoglobin, which contains iron and it is the breakdown of hemoglobin that causes the color changes. - Barbara Wilson, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 10. Why do we have taste buds? || Both for enjoyment in the ability to taste food and as a way to assure that we eat. People who lose the abilty to taste, struggle to get enough nutrition. It is also thought that we have taste buds for safety reasons. Determining how something tastes may be the first sign we have that the food or substance is not good for us, ie it has spoiled or is poisionous.
 * 11. Do people have blue blood in their bodies? Does it turn red when it comes out? || Blood is **never** blue. Blood can be bright red--like after it leaves the lungs and becomes "oxygenated" or dark red--like when it returns to the heart having lost most of its oxygen to muscles and tissues. Why your veins look blue is probably a question for the physicists out there. When you see living veins (like during a surgery), they are white-ish, but appear blue under our skin from way blood absorbs light. If I understand it correctly, the blood under your skin absorbs almost all of the red light waves, leaving blue to be seen. --Barbara Wilson, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 12. Does our heart pump out a gallon of blood a minute? || Yes, it pumps about 4-8 liters per minute. --Sherry Bonansinga, Critical Care RN, BSN ||
 * 13. Is there such a thing as being double jointed? || People who are "double jointed" have the same kind of joints as everyone else. But they can flex their joints in different ways because their ligaments - which are the tough fibers that hold bones together - are more stretchy than in other people. ||
 * 14. If you keep your eyes open when you sneeze will your eyes come out? || Nope. It's true that it is impossible to sneeze without closing your eyes--it's a reflex, or something the body does that we can't control. But don't worry--if you were to hold your eyes open when you sneeze, everything would be just fine. Except your friends might think you're funny for being so weird... -Dan Renner, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 15. How does hair grow? || Hair is a complex structure that is made up of a bunch of linked hair cells. Hair cells are made in the follicle, which is below the skin at the base of the hair shaft. As these cells are produced, it pushes the stack of cells above it farther out of the skin, thus your hair grows.
 * 16. How do some people move their ears without even trying? || I'm not sure; this is a very good question! But, maybe they have a muscle that other people don't have. There are some muscles that everyone has: biceps in your arm and quadriceps in your thigh, for example. But some people have muscles that other people don't have. One example is an arm muscle called the palmaris longus. 85% of people have this muscle but 15% don't. So, in your class, probably 3-4 of you don't have this muscle in your arm!!! Does this mean your arm is weaker than everyone else's??? No. This muscle is so small and minor that it doesn't really make a difference whether you have it or not. My guess is that if someone has an extra "ear muscle" that allows them to move their ear without trying, then it may make them look cool, but it won't help them hear better. It's probably just one of the random differences that we see in people. -- Melissa, 1st year med student ||
 * 17. How long can your bones be? || The femur (thigh bone) is the longest bone in the human body and can be almost 2 feet long in an adult. The shortest bone in the human body is called the stapes (stirrup) and is located in the middle ear. Tim Moore, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 18. Why are bones made? || Bones serve a number of purposes in the body. First they support your body and act, along with the muscles attached to them, to move to body around. Some bones, like your ribs, skull, and vertebrae (the bones in your spine) protect important organs like your heart, lungs, brain, and spinal cord. Bones also store vitamins and minerals that your body takes in, like calcium and phosphorus. These minerals are very important in a number of body functions. Inside bones there is a substance called bone marrow. Bone marrow is important to the body because it is where all of your red blood cells (that carry oxygen around your body) and white blood cells (that help fight off diseases) are made. --Josh Sykes, 4th year medical student. ||
 * 19. Why does your heart pump? || Your heart pumps to push blood through your body. This is very important because everywhere in your body needs energy and fresh nutrients. Blood carries all of this stuff, and if your heart were to stop beating, the blood wouldn't flow--so your brain, muscles, intestines, and everything else wouldn't be able to get the energy and nutrients they need! --Dan Renner, 3rd year medical student ||
 * 20. How many bones do babies and adults have? || Adults have 206 bones. Infants have 350 bones, some of which fuse as they grow. --Sherry Bonansinga, Critical Care RN,BSN ||
 * 21. Why do you sweat when you run? || Humans are warm blooded animals. This means that we are able to regulate our own body temperature instead of relying on the environment to warm or cool us (like reptiles). When you run, the movement of your muscles, the pumping of your heart and the expansion of your lungs increases your body temperature. You skin senses this increase and releases sweat from sweat glands in your skin. The sweat rises to the surface of your skin and, when it is exposed to the air, cools your body. --Barbara Wilson, 3rd year med student ||
 * 22. Is your heart blue? || No.. It is very deep red- like the color of a big slab of steak. Kellan Miller 4th year medical student ||
 * 23. Why do you have headaches? || This is a tough one but I'll try. The answer is that it depends on the type of headache. The most important thing to understand is that we don't have nerve endings that can sense pain inside of our brains. All of the pain we feel is from nerve endings on the tissue called the dura mater that forms a lining between the brain and the inside of our skull, and nerve endings on the outside of our skull beneath our skin. If the muscles on our heads cramp up or become tense, we can have a headache from the nerve endings on the outside of our skull being irritated. If we have something inside our brains like a tumor or any kind of a mass that increases pressure inside our skull then we can get a headache from pressure irritating the nerves on the dura mater. It is important to realize that this type of headache usually lasts for a long time, not just a day. One other type of headache is called a migraine. This is thought to be caused when the blood vessels in our brain dilate or open up and allow too much blood flow to our brains causing irritation on the blood vessels of the dura mater. There is still a lot that we don’t understand about headaches but those are the basics.
 * 24. What is your heart made of ? || Your heart is made of a few things. Mostly it is a very special kindof muscle tissue called "cardiac muscle". This muscle type found only in the heart allows it to contract many many times per mintue without getting tired- just imagine trying to flex your thigh muscle 80 to 100 times per minute and have it not be tired!! There are 4 chambers in the heart 2 upper chambers called "atrium" and two lower chambers called "ventricles". The atrium hold blood and push them into the ventricles when they are empty- the Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs while the Left Ventricle pumps blood to your entire body. Also making up your heart are the coronary arteries and veins. This all rests in a sack if you can believe it or not, called the pericardium. Kellan Miller 4th year medical student ||
 * 25. Is your heart just a big ball of blood? || No- read the answer to question #24. The heart is very complex. Kellan Miller 4th year med student ||
 * 26. How many muscles do you have in your hands? || The hand has 19 muscles inside of it, and a number of muscles that work on the hand, but have their muscle bellies in the arm. --Josh Sykes, 4th year medical student ||
 * Is coffey good for kids? || That is an interesting question! Coffee contains caffine which is a stimulant and also addictive. Many believe that coffee makes you feel anxious or nervous and is not healthy for adults or kids. The National Institute of Health notes "a child's consumption of caffine should be closely monitored. Although caffine is safe to consume in moderation, it may negatively affect a child's nutrition." It is better to drink water, milk and some juice which have more nutritional value. There is no nutritional requirement for coffee. To me, water is always more refreshing! --Sarah R., nurse RN, BSN, CCRN ||
 * 28. Why do we need to have boogers and what are they made of? || Before the become boogers in your nose, boogers are a mucus, which is a slimy substance that is contained in many parts of your body including your nose. One of the purposes of mucus in your nose is to help to trap dirt and other particles that enter your nose to prevent them from going into your lungs. The mucous in your nose as well as the hairs in your nose trap the dirt and particles, and as they dry they become boogers. So boogers are very important to help keep dirt and particles out of your lungs. -Katey Messner RN BSN ||
 * 29. When you hurt your arms and legs, why do they break? || Our bones are very strong, but they can be broken if we put too much force on them. Bones are designed to hold the body up and help us move our arms and legs. But, they are also hollow. This makes them a little weaker, but this is very important because hollow bones are a lot lighter. If our bones were too heavy--like if they were as heavy as big metal rods--then it would be really hard for us to move our arms or walk and run. Imagine trying to run if your legs weighed 200 pounds each! It would be impossible. So, having light bones is important. The trade-off is that our bones are a little weaker; but, they are still really, really strong! [Another cool thing that happens in the hollow space in your bones is that your blood is made there.] -- Melissa, 1st year med student ||
 * 30. Why do you need lungs to breathe? || Our bodies need oxygen to live and we make carbon dioxide that we have to get rid of when we use up that oxygen. We need lungs to provide an efficient transfer system to move oxygen into our blood stream and carbon dioxide out of our blood stream back into the atmosphere. Our lungs can be thought of as an upside down tree. The tree trunk is our trachea (that thing that you get food stuck in and cough when you eat too fast). The trachea then branches into smaller and smaller branches called bronchi and bronchioles. These branches terminate into little microscopic sacks called alveoli filled with the air we breathe. The alveoli are right next to very thin blood vessels called capillaries. The capillaries and alveoli are made of a single layer of flat cells that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to travel between the alveoli and the blood. If we didn't have all of those tiny sacs in our lungs then air would never penetrate to our blood.
 * 31. Does coffee make you shrink? || Nope, it has not been proven. But why would you want to drink it? It tastes gross.



[|Answers to common questions.]
=__GROUPS__=
 * ==Muscular== || ==**//Skeletal//**== || ==Nervous== || ==Digestive== || ==Respiratory== || ==Circulatory== ||
 * Gabriel || Ramiro || Jose V. || Eduardo || Fernando || Oscar ||
 * Sharon || Chantelle || Haley || Vanessa || Freddie || Jose R. ||
 * Devon || Daniel || Servando || Carlos || Cynthia ||  ||
 * ||  || Jeremy || Miguel ||   ||   ||

=Your system (muscular, skeletal, nervous, digestive, respiratory, circulatory):=